My Experience With Being Lost free essay sample

My involvement in being lost was an unnerving one. I took in my exercise about riding earth bicycles alone. Everything began while riding up a path I had not ridden previously. The path went on the mainland partition and ran for a large number of miles from the outskirt of Mexico to the fringe of Canada. This path is beguiling in its trouble. A few sections would be simple and others are practically obstructed. There are various mood killers that will bring you into the obscure. This is what befallen me. Everything began like some other day of riding. The sun was sparkling and I was prepared to ride. I got up on the path, and my bicycle was running solid. I was riding, and I just idea to myself about how I didnt have my riding knapsack with me. I concluded that I wouldnt make it a hard ride, so I proceeded in any case. We will compose a custom exposition test on My Experience With Being Lost or on the other hand any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page I before long understood that it was a mix-up. While riding, the path got more unpleasant than expected. I propped up in light of the fact that I wasnt going to let the path stop me. The path was beginning to get great, yet it propped up for far. I proceeded down the path for very nearly two hours. At that point the path got thin. The path was too thin to even think about turning around on and I had to prop up to discover my way to a pivot, however the pivot never came. The path got skinnier as I went and not long after was only a furrowed climbing trail on the mainland separate. I chose to prop up down the path to discover the pivot regardless of where it was. I was beginning to get drained, and figured the path could never end. There was even a period that I contemplated leaving my bicycle and exiting, however then I found a fork in the path. As I halted and inspected the two path, I saw a lake in the base of a bowl. Neither of the path were more earnestly than what I had been on, so I concluded I would go to the lake and expec tation there was a street or individuals. As I rode down the little climbing trail, it began to kick steep and off drawing nearer to a bluff. I continued riding and discovered my way to the base of the lake. In any case, there was no one there. The lake was not what I was searching for, yet I enjoyed the lakes magnificence. The path proceeded down the gully and go into the trees. The trees were encouraging on the grounds that I could assemble cover on the off chance that I required. The path began resembling some other path, so I could get a move on a smidgen and begin making progress quicker. As of now, I had been on the path for right around eight hours, and I was exceptionally drained. I was riding and found another lake. This lake had individuals at it. I got eager to see individuals since that implied there was a street to bring them up there. I immediately began down an unpleasant path to get to the lake when my bicycle came up short on gas. I began to push my bicycle down the path. After about an hour of pushing my bicycle, I had at long last made it to the lake where I found a decent couple who credited me a few gas. I asked them, â€Å"How did you get up here?† and they let me know of a street that came out at the following town over. I followed the street they were discussing and they were correct. The street took me to the town, and I required a ride back to my truck. The experience I had on the path that day made me be mindful while riding alone, and now I never go anyplace without my endurance knapsack. It has made me be wary in doing anything hazardous while alone. The experience terrified me, however I would do everything again recognizing what I know now.

Ac Synchronous Machine And Its Application Engineering Essay

Air conditioning Synchronous Machine And Its Application Engineering Essay Simultaneous machines are mainly utilized as substituting current (AC) generators. They gracefully the electric force utilized by all areas of current social orders: modern, business, rural, and residential. Coordinated machines are some of the time utilized as consistent speed engines, or as compensators for receptive force control in enormous force frameworks. This article clarifies the constructional includes and working standards of the coordinated machine. Generator execution for independent and matrix applications is talked about. The impacts of burden and field excitation on the coordinated engine are explored. The chasing conduct of a simultaneous machine is contemplated, and an audit of different excitation frameworks gave. Presentation: Coordinated engine A coordinated electric engine is an AC engine recognized by a rotor turning with loops passing magnets at a similar rate as the exchanging flow and coming about pivoting attractive field which drives it. Another method of saying this is it has zero sneak by normal working conditions. Balance this with an enlistment engine, which must slip so as to deliver torque. They work simultaneously with line recurrence. Similarly as with squirrel-confine enlistment engines, speed is dictated by the quantity of sets of shafts and the line recurrence. Simultaneous engines are accessible in sub-fragmentary self-energized sizes to high-torque direct-current energized mechanical sizes. In the fragmentary pull extend, most simultaneous engines are utilized where exact consistent speed is required. In high-drive modern sizes, the simultaneous engine gives two significant capacities. To begin with, it is an exceptionally productive methods for changing over air conditioning vitality to work. Second, it can work at driving or solidarity power factor and consequently give power-factor remedy. There are two significant sorts of simultaneous engines: non-energized and direct-current energized. Non-energized engines are fabricated in hesitance and hysteresis plans, these engines utilize a self-beginning circuit and require no outer excitation flexibly. Hesitance plans have evaluations that run from sub-fragmentary to about 30â hp. Sub-fragmentary drive engines have low torque, and are commonly utilized for instrumentation applications. Moderate torque, vital drive engines use squirrel-confine development with toothed rotors. At the point when utilized with a flexible recurrence power gracefully, all engines in the drive framework can be controlled at the very same speed. The force gracefully recurrence decides engine working velocity. Hysteresis engines are produced in sub-partial pull appraisals, basically as servomotors and timing engines. More costly than the hesitance type, hysteresis engines are utilized where exact consistent speed is required. D C-energized engines made in sizes bigger than 1â hp, these engines require direct current provided through slip rings for excitation. The immediate current can be provided from a different source or from a dc generator straightforwardly associated with the engine shaft. Slip rings and brushes are utilized to direct current to the rotor. The rotor shafts associate with one another and move at a similar speed thus the name simultaneous engine. Coordinated engines fall under the class of simultaneous machines which additionally incorporates the alternator (simultaneous generator). These machines are generally utilized in simple electric timekeepers, clocks and different gadgets where right time is required. The speed of a coordinated engine is dictated by the accompanying recipe: where v is the speed of the rotor (in rpm), f is the recurrence of the AC flexibly (in Hz) and n is the quantity of attractive shafts. Figure: Two post Two post: P.T.O Fundamental highlights of simultaneous machine: A coordinated machine is an air conditioner machine whose speed under consistent state conditions is corresponding to the recurrence of the current in its armature. Armature twisting: on the stator, exchanging current. Field twisting: on the rotor, dc power provided to assembled a pivoting attractive field. Round and hollow rotor: for two-and four-shaft turbine generators. Striking shaft rotor: for multi-polar, slow-speed, hydroelectric generators and for most simultaneous engines. The rotor, alongside the attractive field made by the dc field current on the rotor, turns at a similar speed as, or inâ synchronism with, the pivoting attractive field created by the armature flows, and a consistent torque results. Simultaneous engines have the accompanying qualities: A three-stage stator like that of an enlistment engine. Medium voltage stators are regularly utilized. An injury rotor (pivoting field) which has indistinguishable number of posts from the stator, and is provided by an outside wellspring of direct current (DC). Both brush-type and brushless exciters are utilized to gracefully the DC field current to the rotor. The rotor current builds up a north/south attractive shaft relationship in the rotor posts empowering the rotor to secure advance with the pivoting stator motion. Starts as an acceptance engine. The simultaneous engine rotor likewise has a squirrel-confine twisting, known as an Amortisseur winding, which produces torque for engine turning over. Coordinated engines will run at simultaneous speed as per the recipe: 120 x Frequency Coordinated RPM = Number of Poles Model: the speed of a 24 - Pole Synchronous Motor working at 60 Hz would be: 120 x 60/24 = 7200/24 = 300 RPM Coordinated Motor Operation: The squirrel-confine Amortisseur twisting in the rotor produces Starting Torque and Accelerating Torque to update the coordinated engine. At the point when the engine speed comes to roughly 97% of nameplate RPM, the DC field current is applied to the rotor creating Pull-in Torque and the rotor will pull-in - step and synchronize with the turning transition field in the stator. The engine will run at simultaneous speed and produce Synchronous Torque. After synchronization, the Pull-out Torque can't be surpassed or the engine will pull conflicted. At times, if the over-burden is fleeting, the engine will slip-a-shaft and resynchronize. Pull-out insurance must be given in any case the engine will run as an acceptance engine drawing high current with the chance of serious engine harm. Preferences of Synchronous Motors: The underlying expense of a simultaneous engine is more than that of an ordinary AC acceptance engine because of the cost of the injury rotor and synchronizing hardware. These underlying expenses are frequently off-set by: Exact speed guideline settles on the coordinated engine a perfect decision for certain mechanical procedures and as a central player for generators. Coordinated engines have speed/torque attributes which are obviously appropriate for direct drive of huge pull, low-rpm loads, for example, responding blowers. Simultaneous engines work at an improved force factor, along these lines improving by and large framework power factor and disposing of or lessening utility force factor punishments. An improved force factor likewise diminishes the framework voltage drop and the voltage drop at the engine terminals. Simultaneous generator: Speed of turn of simultaneous generator: Electric force created at 50 or 60 Hz, so rotor must turn at fixed speed contingent upon number of shafts on machine To produce 60 Hz in 2 shaft machine, rotor must turn at 3600 r/min, and to create 50 Hz in 4 post machine, rotor must turn at 1500 r/min Inward created voltage of air conditioning produced machine. greatness of actuated voltage in one stage decided in last segment: EA=à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡2 à Ã¢â€š ¬ NC à Ã¢â‚¬ f Portions of air conditioning coordinated machine: A coordinated engine is made out of the accompanying parts: The stator is the external shell of the engine, which conveys the armature winding. This winding is spatially disseminated for poly-stage AC current. This armature makes a pivoting attractive field inside the engine. The rotor is the turning part of the engine. it conveys field winding, which might be provided by a DC source. On excitation, this field twisting acts as a changeless magnet. The slip rings in the rotor, to gracefully the DC to the field twisting, on account of DC energized types. Activity: The activity of a simultaneous engine is easy to envision. The armature winding, when energized by a poly-stage (normally 3-stage) winding, makes a turning attractive field inside the engine. The field winding, which goes about as a lasting magnet, basically secures with the pivoting attractive field and turns alongside it. During activity, as the field secures with the turning attractive field, the engine is supposed to be in synchronization. When the engine is in activity, the speed of the engine is needy just on the flexibly recurrence. At the point when the engine load is expanded past the separate burden, the engine drops out of synchronization i.e., the applied burden is sufficiently huge to pull out the field twisting from following the turning attractive field. The engine quickly slows down after it drops out of synchronization. Beginning technique for coordinated engine: Coordinated engines are not self-turning over engines. This property is because of the idleness of the rotor. At the point when the force flexibly is turned on, the armature winding and field windings are energized. Quickly, the armature winding makes a turning attractive field, which rotates at the assigned engine speed. The rotor, because of latency, won't follow the rotating attractive field. By and by, the rotor ought to be turned by some different methods close to the engines simultaneous speed to defeat the idleness. When the rotor approaches the coordinated speed, the field winding is energized, and the engine maneuvers into synchronization. The accompanying procedures are utilized to turn over a coordinated engine: A different engine (called horse engine) is utilized to drive the rotor before it secures into synchronization. The field winding is shunted or acceptance engine like game plans are made with the goal that the coordinated engine turns over as an enlistment engine and secures to synchronization once it arrives at speeds close to it

Organizational Behavior on Henry Ford Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Hierarchical Behavior on Henry Ford - Essay Example This plays on what Gilbreth, a celebrated modern/hierarchical therapist, called time-and-movement hypothesis. This is a manner by which Ford had the option to create vehicles at a quickened rate by giving everybody a planned assignment and shaping the mechanical production system. Initially, Ford planned a static sequential construction system, however as his time-and-movement hypothesis created, he utilized the utilization of a transport framework to make a moving mechanical production system, which expands creation. This additionally brought into the field of building brain science to perceive how to plan this workplace so it was alright for laborers however amplified effectiveness. This thought of creation worked so well that it got essential during the universal wars all together for the United States and different nations to deliver military vehicles. In today’s society, we currently work on the idea of the mechanized mechanical production system in which we program machi nes to make the items taking into consideration work to proceed on the sequential construction system right around day in and day out. Numerous organizations have taken the first thought of the mechanical production system and applied it to their business (Batechelor, 1994). Another manner by which Ford had the option to augment creation which was through the idea of exchangeable parts that helped make the sequential construction system run productively. Preceding tradable parts, if something on the Model T was broken, a completely new part would need to be made. Creating numerous parts guarantees that if a section breaks, there is a quick indistinguishable part that can be utilized to supplant it. This limits the ability level important to finish the fix diminishes the measure of time required to achieve this. This has had an effect now in the expert world as well as a general buyer conduct (Freeman and Soete, 2004). Passage was an adherent to the American Dream. In this regard, he was continually attempting to ensure that he kept occupation fulfillment high so as to keep turnovers low.

Greek religion and mythology Essay Example for Free

Greek religion and folklore Essay In Greek religion and folklore, Pan (Ancient Greek: ÃŽ á ¾ ¶Ã® ½, Pä n) is the divine force of the wild, shepherds and runs, nature of mountain wilds, chasing and rural music, and buddy of the nymphs.[1] His name begins inside the Ancient Greek language, from the word paein (Ï€î ¬Ã® µÃ® ¹Ã® ½), which means to pasture.[2] He has the rump, legs, and horns of a goat, in a similar way as a faun or satyr. With his country in rural Arcadia, he is perceived as the lord of fields, forests, and lush glens; along these lines, Pan is associated with ripeness and the period of spring. The antiquated Greeks likewise believed Pan to be the divine force of showy criticism.[3] In Roman religion and fantasy, Pans partner was Faunus, a nature god who was the dad of Bona Dea, some of the time distinguished as Fauna. In the eighteenth and nineteenth hundreds of years, Pan turned into a noteworthy figure in the Romantic development of western Europe, and furthermore in the twentieth century Neopagan movement.[4] Starting points In his most punctual appearance in writing, Pindars Pythian Ode iii. 78, Pan is related with a mother goddess, maybe Rhea or Cybele; Pindar alludes to virgins adoring Cybele and Pan close to the artists house in Boeotia.[5] The parentage of Pan is unclear;[6] in certain legends he is the child of Zeus, however for the most part he is the child of Hermes or Dionysus, with whom his mom is supposed to be a fairy, now and again Dryope or, in Nonnus, Dionysiaca (14.92), Penelope of Mantineia in Arcadia. This sprite sooner or later in the custom became conflated with Penelope, the spouse of Odysseus. Pausanias 8.12.5 records the story that Penelope had in actuality been unfaithful to her significant other, who expelled her to Mantineia upon his arrival. Different sources (Duris of Samos; the Vergilian observer Servius) report that Penelope laid down with each of the 108 admirers in Odysseus nonappearance, and brought forth Pan as a result.[7] This fantasy mirrors the people historical background that likens Pans name (ÃŽ î ¬Ã® ½) with the Greek word for all (Ï€á ¾ ¶Ã® ½).[8] It is bound to be related with paein, to pasture, and to impart a root to the advanced English word field. In 1924, Hermann Collitz proposed that Greek Pan and Indic Pushan may have a typical Indo-European origin.[9] In the Mystery cliques of the exceptionally syncretic Hellenistic era[10] Pan is made related with Phanes/Protogonos, Zeus, Dionysus and Eros.[11] The Roman Faunus, a divine force of Indo-European inception, was likened with Pan. In any case, records of Pans family history are fluctuated to such an extent that it must lie covered somewhere down in mythic time. Like other nature spirits, Pan has all the earmarks of being more established than the Olympians, on the off chance that the facts demonstrate that he gave Artemis her chasing hounds and showed the mystery of prediction to Apollo. Container may be duplicated as the Panes (Burkert 1985, III.3.2; Ruck and Staples 1994 p 132[12]) or the Paniskoi. Kerenyi (p. 174) notes from scholia that Aeschylus in Rhesus recognized two Pans, one the child of Zeus and twin of Arcas, and one a child of Cronus. In the entourage of Dionysos, or in portrayals of wild scenes, there showed up an extraordinary Pan, yet in addition little Pans, Paniskoi, who had a similar impact as the Satyrs.

The Hollowness of Conventional 19th Century Christian Morality in Henrik Ibsens A Doll’s House and Emile Zolas Therese Raquin. - Literature Essay Samples

Both Ibsen and Zola were firm believers in portraying their characters and works from a realistic perspective. Zola founded the naturalist movement in fiction and shared the same general perspective on society as Ibsen, who was the first of a new generation of naturalistic modern playwrights. In both Therese Raquin and A Doll’s House, the alleged central place of Christianity in 19th century European society is indirectly subverted through subtle suggestions of its irrelevance, or lack of importance, in the characters’ lives. Because of the already morally controversial nature of both Ibsen’s play and Zola’s novel, thanks to their subversion of traditional gender roles, an obvious critique of the Church or of normative religious opinion in the 19th century would have landed both writers in difficult situations. Thus, by use of indirect yet carefully aimed references, both Ibsen and Zola allude to Christianity as a hollow institution, serving merely as a sp ecious societal value, which is largely ignored in practice. Zola, coming from Catholic France, portrays the Church as an impersonal, mechanical tyranny looming in the background of his characters’ lives. Ibsen, coming from Protestant Norway, takes a more direct yet understated approach, purposely setting his play around Christmas, while having his characters mention only the materialist aspect of the holiday.As Ibsen’s play opens, a quarrel occurs between Nora, the main character, and her husband, Torvald, over how much money should be spent buying presents. (Act I, Page 10) Whilst he demands economy, she is eager to spend. Both characters see the echanging of gifts on Christmas as a familial and social obligation, the basis of which is the spending of money, not the honouring of a religious event. Similarly, Zola portrays the Church as a place not for divine worship, but rather attended only when necessary for events such as marriage. When Therese and Laurent are be ing married in church, their conduct is business-like, their â€Å"quiet and modest† (Chapter 20, Page 153) bearing being â€Å"noticed with approbation† (Chapter 20, Page 153). The irony of this, considering that their marriage has been made possible thanks to their murder of Camille, is hard to miss. Both Zola and Ibsen were self-proclaimed ‘naturalists’ (observers of nature) and atheists who put themselves in the same category as Darwin and other prominent scientists. However, living in 19th century Europe, both authors had to convey their renegade beliefs diplomatically. The idea of Christianity as an obsolete establishment is furthered by the two writers’ representation of religious and moral feeling as something mechanical and impersonal. Neither Therese nor Laurent feels any real guilt or remorse for the cardinal ‘sins’ they have committed, which include breaking the commandments regarding coveting thy neighbour’s wife an d committing adultery, not to mention killing. Zola is at pains to make clear that all they care about is not getting found out. As for Nora, she feels that she is a tainted, sinful woman, unfit to be a mother. Yet the ‘crime’ she has committed was an altruistic and ostensibly ‘Christian’ act, borrowing money illegally and thereby risking her own security to save her husband’s life. Is Torvald prepared to demonstrate ‘Christian’ forgiveness when he finds this out? Not at all, he judges and condemns his wife for her self-sacrifice. At the end of A Doll’s House, when Nora makes clear her intention to leave her home because of his total lack of gratitude or sympathy over her sacrifice for him, Torvald inquires acidly whether she has â€Å"no religion, no ethics, no sense of duty† (Act III, Page 77). He relates religion to societal obligations, referring to it as a duty rather than an act of faith or love. Religion, to him, i s only a set of social rules he has never once thought to question along with his own moral and religious hypocrisy. Nora later comments, (almost sarcastically) â€Å"miracles don’t happen everyday, God knows† (Act 3, Page 84), in reference to her diminished hope or Helmer’s support for her sacrifice on his behalf. Coming after she has just stated that she does not understand religion, this gives the comment an almost mocking tone.Zola mirrors this type of irony in his description of Madame Raquin’s situation after her paralysis. The use of opposites insinuates the imbalanced and contradictory nature of divine worship; Madame Raquin’s face is depicted as with â€Å"flesh hung loose and grimacing† (Chapter 26, Page 204), yet in the midst of this ugliness, her eyes are of â€Å"heavenly loveliness† (Chapter 26, Page 204). Moreover, the lower part of her face described as â€Å"bleak and colourless† (Chapter 26, Page 204), while t he upper part filled with â€Å"divine radiance† (Chapter 26, Page 204). Zola is associating pious spiritual beauty with physical grotesqueness, as if the two go hand in hand. Advancing on this comes Zola’s most obvious attack on religion, where even the most pure and devout character is turned sour and distrusting, thinking that if she could, she would have â€Å"cursed God†. This goes on to become increasingly bitter because of His â€Å"deceit†, and culminates in a simple yet groundbreaking statement; â€Å"God was wicked† (Chapter 26, Page 206). Thus when Madame Raquin opens up to reality, she sees through the faà §ade to the true hollowness of the Church.Ibsen’s attack on the emptiness of religious values is furthered when Nora rightly replies to Helmer’s accusations of impiety and sinfulness, â€Å"I don’t know what (religion) is† (Act 3, Page 83), elaborating that she knows only what the clergymen have said about it. She says, â€Å"he told us religion was this, and that, and the other† (Act 3, Page 83), her very diction indicating the domineering, mechanical nature of the church. Helmer replies that this dissent from conventional gender roles, as stipulated by religious authority, is occurring because she â€Å"does not understand the society (she) lives in† (Act 3, Page 84). What this implies is that the Norwegian Protestant Church, like the Catholic Church in Zola’s France, is a statutory institution, a domineering power that commands instead of guiding and is largely ignored or misunderstood. This is the direct opposite of what Christian spirituality was originally supposed to be—a faith taken up as a matter of personal conscience, rather than a machine for enforcing social conformity. Ibsen illustrates his troubled protagonist as a truly honest character who does not understand or approve of religion as she has been taught it, but has merely been pretending to her whole life. Zola, on the other hand, subverts religion in a different, more sporadic way, the constant usage of God’s name in vain continually reinforcing the main characters’ disregard for religious morality. Any time the murder of Camille is directly spoken of, Therese exclaims, â€Å"Oh God! Oh God!† (Chapter 28/29, Page 218/229) as a kind of empty reflex. This notion is amplified throughout the rest of the novel as neither Therese nor Laurent ever considers the presumed divine consequences of the murder for their souls. Only at a point where they feel overwhelmed by fear of worldly punishment do they invoke the Lord’s name in a seemingly pathetic attempt at finding an easy way out of their dilemma out of pure desperation. Finally, Therese and Laurent commit double suicide, a religiously interdicted act and an illegal one, and do so nor out of guilt, but rather only as an alternative either to murdering one another to prevent mutual betrayal of their murder of Camille; or to actually betraying each other, being arrested, tried and duly murdered by the state. Notably, Nora too contemplates suicide without regard for its supposed divine consequences, but with plenty of consideration for avoiding social humiliation. While Ibsen exposes the vacancy of feeling in socially imposed religious mores through a blunt admission by Nora, which is actually a reflection of her own enlightenment and her emergence as an intelligent, self-aware character; Zola instead makes use of short, quick insinuations to reveal the absence of any reflection and conscience, religious or otherwise, in his main characters to display the depth of their depravity and desperation.Another way that Zola and Ibsen allude to the emptiness and irrelevance of religion in the society they are depicting is by not mentioning it, or doing so sparingly. In A Doll’s House, the moral dilemma of the play would, in 19th century European culture, naturally involve an extensive discussion of religion. However, Ibsen ensures that this always remains merely as a backdrop, not as an intimate, important part of Torvald and Nora’s lives. To reiterate, this is the source of the irony of the play’s taking place on Christmas Eve, Christmas Day, and Boxing Day, all religious holidays, yet no character ever mentions the religious dimension of these events, while the prevailing actions being displayed on these holy days are threats of blackmail, marital duplicity, thoughts of suicide, lack of empathy for loved ones or spite and envy. The deterioration of the Christmas tree is also emblematic of the ethical issues faced by Ibsen’s characters, as it serves to compliment their own moral decay as time progresses. Similarly, Therese and Laurent never weigh up the ethical, much less the metaphysical implications of murder and for both of them. Everything is subordinate to gratification of their selfish desires. Thereby, Zola uses the absence of a moral framework in his main characters’ lives to imply the hollow, obsolete, irrelevant nature of the Church’s moral teaching in his society. Neither author could be accused of criticizing Christianity directly, yet both Zola and Ibsen present the audience with a world in which religion is identifiable with social conformity rather than personal conscience, and is complied with out of habit and necessity, if it is even remembered at all.Therese Raquin,Emile Zola,Translation by Leonard TancockPenguin Classics1962A Doll’s House,Henrik Ibsen,Translation by Kenneth McLeish1995

Milton Versus Astell A Study of Paradise Lost, Reflections on Marriage, and Holy Matrimony - Literature Essay Samples

When comparing their two works, it becomes clear that while John Milton’s Paradise Lost shares the general viewpoint on marriage found in Mary Astell’s Reflections upon Marriage — that being that the institution of marriage of the time period was problematic — the two differ greatly on what they present as the cause of the problem. Based on the evidence in the text, Milton appears to believe that women pose the issue in the union. In sharp contrast, Astell appears to propose that the fault lies with men, outlining a few that is equally strong-willed in its assertions. One feature that reveals Milton’s and Astell’s conflicting viewpoint on who holds the fault for problematic marriages is the focus of their writing when referring to the subject. One will note, for example, that the argument posed in Astell’s writing largely criticizes the way men choose their wives: â€Å"They who marry for Love as they call it, find time enough to repent their rash Folly†¦ Whether it be Wit or Beauty that a Mans in Love with, theres no great hopes of a lasting Happiness† (Astell). Men are spoken of in an active tense, having actions attributed to them in a way not found in Astell’s descriptions of women. To be fair, there is one mention of action attributed to the hypothetical women in this scenario, but it does not disprove my point. When speaking on how a woman’s wit will not give her husband long-lasting satisfaction, Astell states, â€Å"it is not improbable that such a Husband may in a little time by ill usage pr ovoke such a Wife to exercise her Wit, that is, her Spleen on him, and then it is not hard to guess how very agreeable it will be to him† (Astell). Juxtaposing the two examples, one can see that Astell only breaks from describing women in the passive when explaining how a woman’s actions will cause he husband to react. The description is sandwiched between two male actions and will largely go unnoticed to those who read it. Compare this depiction of men to the way Milton writes Adam as he reflects on Eve. As he speaks with the angel Raphael about his creation and thusly the creation of Eve, Adam expresses that his adoration for her goes beyond rational thought: â€Å"For well I understand in the prime end / Of nature her th’ inferior†¦ yet when I approach / Her loveliness, so absolute she seems/ And in herself complete† (Milton 2088-2089). While the writing still places Adam as the active subject, notice that Eve, intentionally or not, entices Adam to abandon the principles with which he was created. Eve is literally the cause of the earliest issue with their union. This, one can see, is the key difference. Both Astell and Milton express their beliefs that long marriages must be sustained on more than mere attraction to the body or mind, but they place the blame in the situation on the opposite party. Astell’s focus on male folly as she writes demonstrates her assumption that s hould a marriage fail, it will be because the husband acted too hastily as he chose a life partner. Meanwhile, Milton asserts that in a marriage based on love, women will be the ultimate destruction of their combined happiness. Based on the evidence, it becomes apparent that while Milton and Astell share the perspective that marriage is problematic, they differ drastically on who in the relationship is the cause of the unhappiness. Much like how the writing styles of both Milton and Astell explore the parties they place blame on for an unhappy marriage, so to do the narrative they create around their arguments. In both their works Astell and Milton construct a clear antagonist figure in the marriage, portraying the problematic party in purely negative contexts. To begin, I will dissect Milton’s depiction of Eve’s awakening after being created. â€Å"I first awakened, and found myself reposed / Under a shade of flowers,† Eve recounts in a conversation with Adam, â€Å"much wond’ring where / And what I was† (Milton 2012). There are immediate differences between Eve’s first impressions versus Adam’s. As Adam remembers being created, he tells Raphael, â€Å"As new waked from soundless sleep†¦ I found me laid / In balmy sweat, which with his beams the sun / Soon dried† (Milton 2083). Whereas Eve wakes in the shade — the darkness — Adam wakes in the light. This not only portrays Eve as an innately antagonistic partner but also symbolizes their intelligences relative to each other. There are multiple instances throughout the poem of Eve having to be explicitly told information. By her own admission, she would have remained staring at herself had a divine voice not intervened: â€Å"there I had fixed / Mine eyes till now, and pinned with vain desire / Had not a voice thus warned me† (Milton 2013). This is similar to how Astell portrays the antagonist in her views on marriage. The husband in her scenario is portrayed as hasty, focusing on things that will grow unfavourable over time. As Astell describes, â€Å"They who marry for Love as they call it, find time enough to repent their rash Folly† (Astell). Much like Eve the hypothetical husband is conveyed as largely unintelligent and not having put much thought into their actions. Similarly, both authors mention their respective problematic partners being quick to anger when the situation does not become ideal. Note that in Book 9 of Paradise Lost, after Adam and Eve have eaten from the Tree of Life, there comes a scene that perfectly echoes Astell’s description of why wit will not sustain a happy a happy marriage. Similarly to the hypothetical wife in Astell’s scenario, Adam â€Å"exercises his Spleen† on Eve when he fully realizes how her actions have doomed them both, something that appears to be justified by the text given Eve’s antagonistic portrayal. I encourage the reader to compare this with Astell’s version: â€Å"it is not improbable that such a Husband may in a little time by ill usage provoke such a Wife to exercise her Wit, that is, her Spleen on him, and then it is not hard to guess how very agreeable it will be to him† (Astell). The pattern in both are mirror copies of each other the problematic spouse causes the unproblematic spouse to get angry, resulting in the problematic spouse getting angry in turn rather than try to resolve the matter peacefully. The intent to place one party in the wrong is strongly apparent and once again displays that while Astell and Milton agree that marriage is problematic, they differ on the matter of who in the marriage is responsible for the unhappiness. Both Astell and Milton were authors that challenged the expectations of marriage, revealing that under planned, rushed judgements for long-term relationships are ill-advised and do not produce long-lasting happiness. While they do agree on this idea, they disagree on who should be blamed for this unhappiness. Astell accuses men of being the problem; for his part, Milton places the blame on women, reflecting a divergence in the views of these two influential authors.

Uglies Essay - 902 Words

Chelsea Dowding-Hopkins Year 9 – Mrs Graham INS essay Uglies by Scott Westerfield One of the main themes in Scott Westerfield’s text Uglies is the conflict teenagers have with where they stand in society and learning to respect and value themselves. Using examples from the text compare them with today’s world for teenagers. Word count: Date Due: Uglies illustrates many issues that young teenagers will go through in life. The reader has an insight of three main characters and their struggles to fit in to certain societies and others. They are Tally, Shay and David. â€Å"Is it not good to make a society full of beautiful people?† (p.1), the first line of the text Uglies foreshadows exactly what the main theme of the book†¦show more content†¦Westerfield perfectly portrays how we, as a society, see beauty. We see beauty as perfection, not a line out of place, and this judgement came about due to our desire for perfection. When picking up any magazine the front page is bound to be altered to show us how we should look. Gone are the days where voluptuous, well rounded women are considered to be goddesses. People in today’s society see models and movie stars starve themselves until they believe they are beautiful and Westerfield plays on this throughout the entire text. Tally sees herself as ugly beca use she does not notice anything good about her, until she meets David. When anyone compliments Tally she refuses to believe it as the truth, and it is unlikely that she has ever felt attractive in her whole life. Westerfield only describes Tally the way she sees herself and although it is in the third person the reader is given certain knowledge about what goes on through Tally’s mind which the reader does not have for any other character. At the beginning of the text the reader is led to believe that Pretties have the idealistic life; beautiful with not a care in the world but the reader may feel discomfort with how superficial it all seems. Nothing is wrong with the way Tally looks and the reader can presume that she is quite naturally attractive after receiving several compliments from twoShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Ugly Duckling and Standards of Beauty Today1534 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"The Ugly Duckling† and Standards of Beauty Today Jennifer Murrish Kaplan University HU300-01RP682 â€Å"The Ugly Duckling† and Standards of Beauty Today Of all the stories I have heard throughout the years there is one that I can think of which really stands out in my mind. The story I chose is, â€Å"The Ugly Duckling† by Hans Christian Anderson, first published in Denmark, November 11, 1843. This story has an amazing moral and always tends to make me emotional every time I hear it, and has touchedRead MoreThe Libido For The Ugly Essay1749 Words   |  7 Pagesinfluence on America’s writing style during the 1920s. His writing style was known for it’s wit, and harsh criticism towards American social and cultural weaknesses. His essay â€Å"The Libido for the Ugly† sends the message to the reader that America needs to change its way of living because they are too content with their current ugly lifestyle. H.L. Mencken was born in Baltimore, Maryland in 1880 and from a young age was self-driven towards becoming a reporter and working in the newspaper industryRead MoreReading And Writing On My Life1574 Words   |  7 Pagesother students in our school. While this definitely was the start of my love for reading, it was a series of books that I discovered a few years later that really made me fall in love with reading. 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I’ve begun countless projects and set out on huge ambitious endeavors to only find myself quitting due to me being stuck in a muck of unending discouragement. Don’t get me wrong, creating and making things is amazing and so fulfilling if your heart is in the right place and you don’t lose sight of your passion andRead MoreUglies And Lord Of The Flies Essay1451 Words   |  6 PagesWilliam Golding and Uglies by Scott Westerfield, they both show the good and bad sides of humanity. They do this by showing how easy something can turn from order to disaster. The book, Lord of the flies is about a group of stranded young boys on an island.With no directions to follow, it’s up to the boys to create their own rules, their own society. After being alone for such a long time, the boys forget about humanity and become complete savages. 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He can be described as a working man, one who has always earned his living by his own sweat and who understood the people whom he worked around with. The reason why he was coined the ugly American was because he was an ugly person to begin with, always dirty, and hands full of scars. He was an engineer who had earned millions working as a US contractorRead MoreSpecial Forces Soldiers Used in Book, The Ugly American by William J. Lederer and Eugene Burdick1331 Words   |  6 Pageswhich are not always completely clear from its beginning. The Special Operation Imperatives serve as the base for success by providing the framework to develop and assist the host nation in achieving their desired goals. Through this essay I will use the novel â€Å"The Ugly American† (William J. Lederer Eugene Burdick) to provide context to the benefits of applying such imperatives and the conse quences of improper application. I will bring to light the actions of the characters and depict the reasons

Months in Russian Pronunciation and Examples

The names of the months in Russian come from Latin and can sound similar to English. As with all other Russian nouns, month names change according to the case they are in. Russian months are masculine in gender. They are never capitalized unless they appear at the beginning of a sentence. Russian Months Translation Pronunciation Example Ã' Ã ½Ã ²Ã °Ã'€Ã'Å' January yanVAR' - Ð Ã °Ã' Ã'‚Ã'Æ'Ð ¿Ã ¸Ã »Ã' Ã ½Ã ²Ã °Ã'€Ã'Å' (nastooPEEL janVAR')- January began Ã'„Ð µÃ ²Ã'€Ð °Ã »Ã'Å' February fyvRAL' - Ð ¯ Ð ¿Ã'€Ð ¸Ã µÃ ´Ã'Æ' Ð ² Ã'„Ð µÃ ²Ã'€Ð °Ã »Ã µ (ya priYEdu ffyevraLYEH)- I will arrive in February Ð ¼Ã °Ã'€Ã'‚ March mart - Ð’Ð ¾Ã' Ã'Å'Ð ¼Ã ¾Ã µ Ð ¼Ã °Ã'€Ã'‚Ð ° (vas'MOye MARtuh)- 8th of March Ð °Ã ¿Ã'€Ð µÃ »Ã'Å' April ahpRYEL' - ПÐ µÃ'€Ð ²Ã ¾Ã µ Ð °Ã ¿Ã'€Ð µÃ »Ã'  - ДÐ µÃ ½Ã'Å' Ã' Ã ¼Ã µÃ'…Ð ° (PYERvaye ahpRYElya - DYEN' SMYEkha)- April 1st is April Fools' Day Ð ¼Ã °Ã ¹ May ah - y (as in 'my') - ДÐ µÃ ½Ã'Å' ПÐ ¾Ã ±Ã µÃ ´Ã'‹ Ð ¿Ã'€Ð °Ã ·Ã ´Ã ½Ã'Æ'Ð µÃ'‚Ã' Ã'  Ð ² Ð ¼Ã °Ã µ (DYEN' paBYEdy PRAZnuyetsya VMAyeh)- Victory Day is celebrated in May Ð ¸Ã'ŽÐ ½Ã'Å' June ee-YUN' - ИÃ'ŽÐ ½Ã'Å' - Ã'ˆÐ µÃ' Ã'‚Ð ¾Ã ¹ Ð ¼Ã µÃ' Ã' Ã'† Ð ³Ã ¾Ã ´Ã ° (eeYUN' - shysTOY MYEsyats GOduh)-June is the 6th month of the year Ð ¸Ã'ŽÐ »Ã'Å' July ee-YULE - Ð’ Ð ¸Ã'ŽÐ »Ã µ Ã'Æ' Ð ¼Ã µÃ ½Ã'  Ð ¾Ã'‚Ð ¿Ã'Æ'Ã' Ã º (V eeYUly oo myNYA OHTpusk)- My vacation isin July Ð °Ã ²Ã ³Ã'Æ'Ã' Ã'‚ August AHVgoost - Ð Ã ²Ã ³Ã'Æ'Ã' Ã'‚ Ð ²Ã'‹Ð ´Ã °Ã »Ã' Ã'  Ð ¾Ã' Ã ¾Ã ±Ã µÃ ½Ã ½Ã ¾ Ð ¶Ã °Ã'€Ð ºÃ ¸Ã ¼ (AHVgoost VYdalsya ahSOHbynuh ZHARkim)- August was particularly hot Ã' Ã µÃ ½Ã'‚Ã' Ã ±Ã'€Ã'Å' September synTYABR' - Ð’ Ã' Ã µÃ ½Ã'‚Ã' Ã ±Ã'€Ð µ Ð ½Ã °Ã'‡Ð ¸Ã ½Ã °Ã µÃ'‚Ã' Ã'  Ã'Æ'Ã'‡Ð µÃ ±Ã ½Ã'‹Ð ¹ Ð ³Ã ¾Ã ´ (fsyntyabRYE nachyNAyytsa ooCHEBny GOHD)- The academic year starts in September Ð ¾Ã ºÃ'‚Ã' Ã ±Ã'€Ã'Å' October akTYABR' - ОÐ ½Ã ¸ Ã'Æ'Ð µÃ ·Ã ¶Ã °Ã'ŽÃ'‚ Ð ² Ð ¾Ã ºÃ'‚Ã' Ã ±Ã'€Ð µ (aNEE ooyeZHAHyut v aktybRYE)-Theyleave in October Ð ½Ã ¾Ã' Ã ±Ã'€Ã'Å' November naYABR' - Ð Ã ¾Ã' Ã ±Ã'€Ã'Å' - Ã'…Ð ¾Ã »Ã ¾Ã ´Ã ½Ã'‹Ð ¹ Ð ¼Ã µÃ' Ã' Ã'† (naYABR' - haLODny MYEsyats)- November is a cold month Ð ´Ã µÃ ºÃ °Ã ±Ã'€Ã'Å' December dyKABR' - Ð ¡Ã ½Ã µÃ ³ Ð ¿Ã ¾Ã'ˆÐ µÃ » Ð ² Ð ´Ã µÃ ºÃ °Ã ±Ã'€Ð µ (SNYEG paSHYOL f dyekabRYE)- It began tosnow in December Using Prepositions With Names of Months in Russian Ð ² - In  (Prepositional Case) The preposition  Ã ²Ã‚  means in and is used to indicate that something happens during a certain month. Ð’ Ã' Ã ½Ã ²Ã °Ã'€Ð µ - in JanuaryÐ’ Ã'„Ð µÃ ²Ã'€Ð °Ã »Ã µ - in FebruaryÐ’ Ð ¼Ã °Ã'€Ã'‚Ð µ - in MarchÐ’ Ð °Ã ¿Ã'€Ð µÃ »Ã µ - in AprilÐ’ Ð ¼Ã °Ã µ - in MayÐ’ Ð ¸Ã'ŽÐ ½Ã µ - in JuneÐ’ Ð ¸Ã'ŽÐ »Ã µ - in JulyÐ’ Ð °Ã ²Ã ³Ã'Æ'Ã' Ã'‚Ð µ - in AugustÐ’ Ã' Ã µÃ ½Ã'‚Ã' Ã ±Ã'€Ð µ - in SeptemberÐ’ Ð ¾Ã ºÃ'‚Ã' Ã ±Ã'€Ð µ - in OctoberÐ’ Ð ½Ã ¾Ã' Ã ±Ã'€Ð µ - in NovemberÐ’ Ð ´Ã µÃ ºÃ °Ã ±Ã'€Ð µ - in December Example: - Ð ¯ Ð ½Ã °Ã'‡Ð °Ã » Ð ·Ã ´Ã µÃ' Ã'Å' Ã'€Ð °Ã ±Ã ¾Ã'‚Ð °Ã'‚Ã'Å' Ð ² Ã' Ã ½Ã ²Ã °Ã'€Ð µ.- I started to work here in January. Ð ½Ã ° - For (Accusative Case) The names of all months remain unchanged when using the preposition Ð ½Ã °. Example:   - ЕÐ ¼Ã'Æ' Ð ½Ã °Ã ·Ã ½Ã °Ã'‡Ð ¸Ã »Ã ¸ Ð ¾Ã ±Ã' Ã »Ã µÃ ´Ã ¾Ã ²Ã °Ã ½Ã ¸Ã µ Ð ½Ã ° Ð ¼Ã °Ã'€Ã'‚.- His tests have been arranged for March. Ã'  - From, Since and Ð ´Ã ¾ - Until (Genitive Case) Ã'  / Ð ´Ã ¾ Ã' Ã ½Ã ²Ã °Ã'€Ã'  - since / until JanuaryÃ'  / Ð ´Ã ¾ Ã'„Ð µÃ ²Ã'€Ð °Ã »Ã'  - since / until FebruaryÃ'  / Ð ´Ã ¾ Ð ¼Ã °Ã'€Ã'‚Ð ° - since / until MarchÃ'  / Ð ´Ã ¾ Ð °Ã ¿Ã'€Ð µÃ »Ã'  - since  / until AprilÃ'  / Ð ´Ã ¾ Ð ¼Ã °Ã'  - since / until MayÃ'  / Ð ´Ã ¾ Ð ¸Ã'ŽÐ ½Ã'  - since / until JuneÃ'  / Ð ´Ã ¾ Ð ¸Ã'ŽÐ »Ã'  - since / until JulyÃ'  / Ð ´Ã ¾ Ð °Ã ²Ã ³Ã'Æ'Ã' Ã'‚Ð ° - since / until AugustÃ'  / Ð ´Ã ¾ Ã' Ã µÃ ½Ã'‚Ã' Ã ±Ã'€Ã'  - since / until SeptemberÃ'  / Ð ´Ã ¾ Ð ¾Ã ºÃ'‚Ã' Ã ±Ã'€Ã'  - since / until OctoberÃ'  / Ð ´Ã ¾ Ð ½Ã ¾Ã' Ã ±Ã'€Ã'  - since / until NovemberÃ'  / Ð ´Ã ¾ Ð ´Ã µÃ ºÃ °Ã ±Ã'€Ã'  - since / until December Example: - Ð ¯ Ð ±Ã'Æ'Ð ´Ã'Æ' Ð ² Ð ¾Ã'‚Ð ¿Ã'Æ'Ã' Ã ºÃ µ Ã'  Ð ¼Ã °Ã'  Ð ´Ã ¾ Ð ¸Ã'ŽÐ »Ã' .- I will be on vacation from May until July. Abbreviations Russian names of months are often shortened in writing (such as calendars or diaries) using the following abbreviations: Ð ¯Ã ½Ã ² - JanuaryÐ ¤Ã µÃ ² - FebruaryÐÅ"Ð °Ã'€ - MarcfÐ Ã ¿Ã'€ -  AprilÐÅ"Ð °Ã ¹ -  MayИÃ'ŽÐ ½Ã‚  Ã‚  -  Ã‚  JuneИÃ'ŽÐ » - JulyÐ Ã ²Ã ³ -  AugustÐ ¡Ã µÃ ½ -  SeptemberОÐ ºÃ'‚ - OctoberÐ Ã ¾Ã'  - NovemberДÐ µÃ º - December Russian Calendar Russia has been using the Gregorian calendar since 1940, as well as for a short time from 1918 until 1923. However, the Russian Orthodox Church continues to use the Julian calendar. That is why the Russian Orthodox Christmas is celebrated on January 7 and Easter is usually celebrated later than in the West. During the Soviet years, two more calendars were introduced and then canceled. The first one, named  The Eternal Calendar, or the Russian Revolution Calendar, abolished the official Gregorian calendar that had been brought in by Vladimir Lenin in 1918. The Eternal Calendar went into effect in the 1920s, with the exact date debated by historians. All religious celebrations were abolished and five new national public holidays were established instead. The main goal of this calendar was to increase workers productivity, it was decided that the weeks would have five days each, with rest days staggered. However, this did not work as planned, with many families affected by the staggered weeks. T he Eternal Calendar was replaced with another 12-month system which retained the same holidays but increased the number of days in a week to six. The rest day was now on the 6th, 12th, 18th, 24th, and 30th of each month. This calendar functioned until 1940 and was replaced by the Gregorian calendar.

The Myths And Its Impact On Society - 1007 Words

Since the beginning of time humankind has either accepted, rejected, or altered history. Accepting and rejecting a particular point of view can ultimately lead to conflict due to a difference of opinion. Altering history can also lead to conflict, but the individual modifying the details of history do so to satisfy what they believe to be the truth. That being said, worldview boils down to individual truth. The purpose of this essay is to explore various worldviews derived from, or in response to, Christianity to analyze how their disparities led to conflict. John Lennon once said, â€Å"I believe in everything until it’s disproved. So I believe in fairies, the myths, dragons. It all exists, even if it’s in your mind. Who’s to say that dreams and nightmares aren’t as real as the here and now?† (Lennon, n.d,) This statement depicts a similar truth that the Enlightenment worldview had. Enlightenment at its inception shifted the essential focal point from God to self. With this shift humankind became more in control of their own beliefs. Belief is something based on facts, reason, or a combination of both. Humankind began to reason their foundation of faith with what they considered facts hence, they became more enlightened and in control of their destiny. Between the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries the Enlightenment movement began to surface and subsequently gained momentum as a viable option for a worldview. To this point Christianity and Judaism were the predominantShow MoreRelatedCreation Myths And Its Impact On Society1188 Words   |  5 Pagesour world came to be. Whether we are in church, the synagogue, or the temple humans have established ideologies. Humans use the creation myths to bring about some understanding as to how humans magically or purposely inhabited the earth. However, even though myths satisfy this yearning for how and why, the scientific world revolted with the idea that creation myths are no longe r satisfactory. In unison paleoanthropologists and archeologists along with many other historians said that we as humans needRead MoreAncient Myth And Its Impact On Modern Society902 Words   |  4 Pagesimportant to study ancient myth. I feel that it is more so for the sake of entertainment because myth essentially offers explanations for things we already have in society. The stories behind how we have the institutions that we have today are interesting however not vital to further developing our knowledge. Furthermore, I do not think that our modern society can still gain from its study because of the way that we already have these institutions and studying ancient myth would not enable us to makeRead MoreThe Amazons Were A Group Of Warrior Women Who Fought Many Of The Great Greek Heroes1596 Words   |  7 Pagesmale counterparts. Unlike some myths in Greek mythology, the myths that involve the Amazons are spread out over time and often have multiple variations of one myth. Myths involving the Amazons even sometimes have versions of the same myth with different Amazon warriors, making it difficult to understand what Amazon women is associated with the certain myth. Throughout Greek mythology, the Amazons were portrayed as fierce warriors and this carries over into today’s society. The Amazons were daughtersRead MoreMyth And The Old West1019 Words   |  5 PagesMyths have existed in the world for thousands of years. They’ve become an important part of history and have strongly influenced society, especially in the United States. Myths have impacted history in both positive and negative ways. One particular example of the myth in American culture is the Old West. This myth of the West became extremely popular, not only in the United States, but also throughout the world. People typically think of Greek mythology and characters like Hermes and PoseidonRead MoreChallenging Aging Stereotypes : Strategies For Creating A More Active Society Essay1548 Words   |  7 PagesIn Dr. Marcia Ory’s article titled Challenging Aging Stereotypes: Strategies for Creating a More Active Society, many common misconceptions about the elderly are presented and disputed, while also addressing the effect these stereotypes have on the elderly’s view of themselves and how it affects their physical wellbeing. Solutions to getting the older population active and engaged while taking care of their bodies are also presented. This assessment provides a comprehensive breakdown of these topicsRead MoreEssay on Diversity: The Ethical Choice1410 Words   |  6 Pagesincreasing diversity and working to break the glass ceiling. Given both types of institutions are granted their power by civil society, a society that is increasingly made up of minorities (Kinicki Kreit ner, 2008), it is a societal obligation, the ethical choice, and good business, to increase diversity, address equality issues in the workplace, and turn the American melting pot myth into reality. Employers are powerful institutions that are responsible for allocation of resources like salary, benefitsRead MoreThe Word â€Å"God† Or â€Å"Christianity† Is Often Thrown Around1274 Words   |  6 Pagesof our society, but instead helps to construct the society itself. Personally, before reading Christian America and the Kingdom of God, by Richard T. Hughes, and exploring the concept of Christian America, I also was under the assumption that America is Christian. Likewise, most Americans accept the claim without question, thus allowing a religious justification of national, political, and societal interests that have virtually no biblical basis. In order to determine the national impact, HughesRead MoreHades, an Influence on Greek Society1029 Words   |  5 Pagestheir deeds in their myths. Gods can either show jealousy, courage, or kindness to mortals and other gods, so Greeks label the gods based on their qualities. In most circumstances, the Greeks decide whet her to worship or despise a god only by whom or what they rule over. For example, Greeks show reluctance in worshipping Hades, the Lord of the Underworld. Greeks hold celebrations and festivities to earn favor from the gods. Greek gods can either have a positive or a negative impact on Greek culture.Read MoreWomen s Influence On Women1545 Words   |  7 Pagesbigger role in society compared to that of Greek women in ancient Greece. Women were cogs in a patriarchal dominated society woman were very much under their husbands control according to law and the most important role of women was to raise the children and work at the house with the slaves if they could be afforded. Women could not vote in Greek society, they could not own property, and women could not have much communication with males outside their immediate families. In Roman society however thereRead MoreMyths: Education and Family1664 Words   |  7 PagesInterpreting and understanding myths depend on an individualâ₠¬â„¢s personal views, beliefs, and ideas. With that in mind, the myth regarding the nuclear family and the myth of education and empowerment are all interpreted differently and argued, for and against, in many ways. Both have been perceived negatively by society, yet they have not always been a harmful folktale. Rather, the myth that education can improve someone’s life has been used, year after year, to motivate the youth in order to improve

Verbal Communication And Nonverbal Communication - 1932 Words

In this paper I will discuss and analyze the verbal communication, â€Å"the exchange of spoken or written language with others during interactions† McCornack, 2013, p. 191), and the nonverbal communication, â€Å"the intentional or unintentional transmission of meaning through an individual’s nonspoken physical and behavioral cues (Patterson, 1995)† (McCornack, 2013, p. 223), of a 2012 Third Party Presidential Debate between Jill Stein, Rocky Anderson, Virgil Hamlin, and Gary Johnson. In the opening of this debate, (female host Christina Tobin) thanks everyone for their time and tries to set a positive mood for this debate, assuring people that this debate has not been influenced, this debate is for individuals and every class of people. There†¦show more content†¦When she references I in this statement she is clearly using â€Å"I† language and she is expressing that she is opposed to this, â€Å"phrases that emphasize ownership of your feeling s, opinions, and beliefs† (McCornack, 2013, p. 207). She is expressing verbally her and her political parties beliefs and there opinion on the bill. According to McCorncack when using â€Å"I† language you take ownership of your feelings and that is clearly what she was doing in this response to the question. She also uses â€Å"we† language in the same response, â€Å"wordings that emphasize inclusion† (McCornack, 2013, p. 208), she is using â€Å"we† language to show that not only herself but also her party are in agreeance about this question. â€Å"â€Å"we† language helps us bolster feelings of connection and similarity, not only with romantic partners but also with anyone to whom we want to signal a collaborative relationship.† (McCornack, 2013, p. 208) She is clearly showing that the green party and herself are one the same page. In Ms. Stein’s response to the first question she was very clam and used cooperative verbal communication, â€Å"you produce messages that have three characteristics. First, you speak in ways that others can easily understand, using language that is informative, honest, relevant, and clear. Second, you take active ownership for what you’re saying by using â€Å"I† language. Third, you make others feel included rather than excluded† (McCornack,Show MoreRelatedVerbal Communication : Verbal And Nonverbal Communication1274 Words   |  6 Pagesprepared *Feedback given *Communication needed *Message understood *Message interpreted *Message sent * Message receive For a good communication we need to have the following: ââ€"  sender – the person who start a conversation ââ€"  message – what another person involved in communication will received ââ€"  medium –the way we can communicate by using for example the phone, computer, erc. ââ€"  collector – the person who can collect the message and send it to people involved in communication ââ€"  understanding – theRead Moreï » ¿Verbal communication and nonverbal communication1374 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Verbal communication and nonverbal communication What Is the Meaning of Verbal Communication? Verbal communication is an act of conveying messages, ideas, or feelings through the use of mouth. Verbal communication is the main way of communicating face-to-face. Among the key components of the verbal communication are words, sound, speaking, and language. 9 effective forms of Verbal Communication 1. Read more – Simply increasing what you read (business texts, novels, newspapers etc) canRead MoreVerbal Communication : Nonverbal Communication905 Words   |  4 PagesBusiness communication is a skill not everyone has; it is however something that can be learned. Many people think of only verbal skills when working on their business communication; however some forget how nonverbal cues can affect a message. Nonverbal communication can make or break a business conversation. If a potential partner interprets nonverbal communication conveying a different message than the verbal does it can lead to complications when trying to close an opportunity. As the world hasRead MoreVerbal Communication : Nonverbal Communication1428 Words   |  6 Pages The real communication is just based on the words we communicate with each other to deliver our messages and intentions. However, after taking this class it is quite clear to me that communication is not just verbal communication but nonverbal as well. After taking this course, I have become able to understand the nonverbal aspects in each and every communication, I use to encounter with or actions I use to see or experience. This course lets me understood that nonverbal communication covers severalRead MoreVerbal Communication And Nonverbal Communication831 Words   |  4 Pagesnot? 2. How has the use of the Internet and text messaging affected the verbal communication and nonverbal communication exchanged in relationships? 3. Describe a time when you or someone else used nonverbal gestures which made you or others feel uncomfortable. 4. Often cited research by Professor Albert Mehrabian (Links to an external site.) says that only 7% of feelings and attitudes are delivered in words (verbal communication); 38% of feelings and attitudes are paralinguistic (tone of voice/volume/pace/vocalRead MoreVerbal And Nonverbal Communication And Communication941 Words   |  4 Pagesthing. For example, if someone is feeling mad, they might be more harsh when they say things rather than more careful wording when someone is feeling sympathetic for someone else. These two different aspects that add into communication within one another are known as verbal and nonverbal symbols. In the show, Law and Order: Special Victim Unit, there is a specific scene with two detectives that show this. There is a serial rapist who was finally caught after six years of looking for him. In order forRead MoreVerbal Communication And Nonverbal Communication1235 Words   |  5 PagesCommunication is a natural thing that we as human beings do every d ay whether we speak or not. There is two different types’ verbal communication and nonverbal communication. Verbal communication is when we communicate using words exchange in the form of speech in writing or oral. Nonverbal communication does not use words for exchange a message. We use body language, facial expressions, sign language, and eye contact among a few things (Adler, Elmhorst, Lucas, 2013). Read MoreNonverbal Verbal And Verbal Communication957 Words   |  4 PagesI have learned a lot about communication. I learned how significant nonverbal and verbal communication is, along with listening. I never fully understood how big communication is in our daily lives. I now realize that it is a huge aspect of how we continue in our lives. This course has showed me different levels of communication. Nonverbal communication is behaviors and characteristics that convey meaning with out the use of words. Sometimes accompanying verbal messages, to clarify or reinforceRead MoreVerbal and Nonverbal Communication1472 Words   |  6 Pagesresearch done on verbal and nonverbal communication. First, we need to know what verbal and nonverbal communication is. Nonverbal communication is the way in which people communicate, intentionally or unintentionally, without words. Nonverbal communication uses nonverbal cues including facial expressions, tone of voice, gestures, body position, movement, the use of touch, and gaze (Aronson, Wilson, Akert, 2013). Verbal communication is what a person actually says. This communication relies on the wordsRead MoreVerbal And Nonverbal Communication740 Words   |  3 PagesHuman society was built upon our ability to communicate with one another whether it be through verbal or nonverbal means. Without communication, we as a species would’ve most likely never reached the place we are as a society today. Most people believe that verbal communication is what has brought us so far but in fact, we as a race have been using a melding of both verbal and nonverbal means to communicate with on another. These means are usually comprised of gestures that we all use throughout

Competitive Strategy Business Organisation

Question: Discuss about theCompetitive Strategy for Business Organisation. Answer: Introduction: Business Strategy The material given in the video highlights the importance of strategy for a business organisation to achieve its goals and objectives. Strategy of a business organisation is different from its tactics and objectives and aims to provide answers to the following four questions: Where do we compete? What unique value do we bring? What resources and capabilities do we utilise? How do we sustain unique value? A good strategy provides clear answer to the above questions. The first question emphasises on the trend present in the competitive market where a business aims to provide its products and services (Kryscynski, 2015). The next question focuses on differentiating product or service offered by a firm that is difficult for competitors to imitate. The third question emphasises on resources utilised such as superior technology, competent workforce or good brand image of an organisation and capabilities refers to its ability to use the resources in an appropriate way. The last question addresses on the need of adopting tactics that help an organisation to sustain its competitive position in the market. The video has presented the example of IKEA competitive strategy that has helped it to achieve a distinctive position in the furniture market internationally. IKEA provides affordable furniture products in a fun and low pressure showroom that helps it to gain customer satisfaction. In additi on to this, the video also reflected the boundaries that businesses need to determine in advance that they should not implement in their business strategy (Kryscynski, 2015). Ashley Furniture is recognised to be the largest manufacturer of furniture in the world. However, IKEA is gaining competitive advantage through its unique competitive strategy and as such is outperforming major players such as Ashley Furniture in the furniture industry. It is able to offer low-priced furniture products through emphasizing on mass production that helps it to minimise its operational cost (Lutz, 2015). On other hand, the price of furniture of Ashley is high-priced as it does not incorporate the strategy of mass production. IKEA retail stores attract customers as it focuses on providing fun and relaxed environment to the customers. Also, the products are shipped in flat boxes as the final assembly of products is done by the customers that help it to minimise the shipping cost. Ashley also needs to devise a unique competitive strategy as that of IKEA that will help it to reduce its operational cost and thus achieve high profitability. It can be done by introducing major changes in the strategic direction of the company. It needs to implement changes in its business model that help it to gain customer satisfaction. For example, the online website of Ashley does not incorporate the pricing of the products and also does not provide buying option to the customers. Customers have to visit the companys retail store only for buying the furniture product. However, the online website of IKEA provides you an option of ordering the product through its website (Montana, 2015). Ashley Furniture needs to devise a good strategy addressing all the four questions in context for developing its competitive strategy that is difficult to imitate by the competitors as in case of IKEA. Business Innovation The given material in the video demonstrates the importance of business model innovation for achieving competitive advantage for organisations. For example, IKEA has acquired competitive advantage by re-inventing its business model. Business model innovation is not about carrying out extensive Research Development and technological development but simply refers to successfully learning and adapting to successful business models of other similar industries (Business Model Innovation, 2013). This can be achieved through the following four steps: Initiation: It refers to analysing current business model of an organisation for identifying the improvements to be done. Ideation: It refers to developing new business model through recombining the ideas and concepts from successful business model of other similar industries. Integration: It refers to examine the consistency of business model devised to be adopted. Implementation: It refers to monitoring and reviewing the business model adopted and identifying the improvements that need to be done. The organisations need to overcome from the misconception that extensive resources and creative ideas are necessary for innovating their business model. The organisations can re-invent their business model by developing answer to the following questions: Who are your target customers? What you offer to the customer? How do you create customer value proposition? How do you generate revenue? However, organisations need to consider the following points during re-inventing their business model. This include implementing only one business model at a time, giving proper time to develop a business model, gaining commitment from top management and overcoming resistance from the employees. Innovation in business model is necessary for organisations to gain competitive advantage through providing high value to the customers and reducing the operational cost (Business Model Innovation, 2013). For example, Billabong International Limited is an international clothing retailer but is presently experiencing a downturn in its sales due to lack of innovation in its business model. The company needs to incorporate the latest trends and styles updates in its apparels for meeting the changing needs and expectations of the customer. For example, Billabong products are not in accordance with the expectations of youths thus dropping its sales (Jackson, 2013). Thus, Billabong need to successfully learn and recombine the strategies obtained from the successful business model of other similar industries such as supermarket that will help it to innovate in its products and services. The company need to follow and adopt the steps of business model innovation that are, initiation, ideation, integration and implementation for adopting the changes in its present business model. In addition to this, it also need to identify its target customer segment, types of products and services to be off ered to them, generating high value products to the customers and focusing on increased revenue generation. This all is necessary for re-inventing the business model of Billabong so that it is able to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage globally (Business Model Innovation, 2013). References Business Model Innovation. 2013. [Online]. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B4ZSGQW0UMI [Accessed on: 16 August 2016]. Jackson. R. 2013. Billabongs Downfall May Signal The Death Of The Entire Surfwear Industry. [Online]. Available at: https://www.businessinsider.com/billabong-demise-surfwear-2013-11?IR=T [Accessed on: 16 August 2016]. Kryscynski, D. 2015. What is Strategy? [Online]. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TD7WSLeQtVw [Accessed on: 16 August 2016]. Lutz, A. 2015. Ikea's Strategy For Becoming The World's Most Successful Retailer. [Online]. Available at: https://www.businessinsider.in/Ikeas-Strategy-For-Becoming-The-Worlds-Most-Successful-Retailer/articleshow/45904642.cms [Accessed on: 16 August 2016]. Montana, S. 2015. Ikea vs Target vs Ashley Furniture: Quality, Value Shipping Compared. [Online]. Available at: https://homeaccessories.knoji.com/ikea-vs-target-vs-ashley-furniture-quality-value-shipping-compared/ [Accessed on: 16 August 2016].

Globaphiles V Globaphobes - Click Now To Get Free Solution

Question: Globaphiles v Globaphobes Last Sunday, more than 50,000 people demonstrated in the streets of Nontes, the capital of Newland, against economic globalisation, free trade and the Governments plan to join the World Trade Organisation (WTO). The Republic of Newland is a developing, lower middle income country, with a population of 30 million people. It has a booming, exportoriented toy manufacturing industry and an up-and-coming steel industry. Many of its other industries, however, are unable to compete with foreign goods or services. The demonstration was organised by the Newland Coalition for a Better World (NCBW), representing Newlands labour unions and its main environmental, consumer and human rights organisations. When small groups of radicals, led by a moustached farmer, attacked and destroyed a McJohns restaurant along the route, the police intervened to disperse the demonstrators with teargas. Three hours of violent clashes between the police and a group of about 500 young demonstrators ensued, leaving several people wounded. At an emergency cabinet meeting called on Sunday evening, the Prime Minister announced that he will invite the chairperson of the NCBW to a public debate on economic globalisation, international trade and the Governments plan to join the WTO. On Friday, the chairman accepted the challenge. The Chairman of the of the NCBW is a professor of constitutional law. The debate is to be broadcast live on Tuesday or Wednesday afternoon. You have been working with the Chairman of the NCBW for a number of years and from the NCBW perspective he is likely to question why it would be in the interest of Newland to squander its sovereignty and accept a host of new international obligations. The NCBW is likely to argue inter alia that the WTO fails to consider the needs to developing countries, that the core WTO rules and disciplines are about opening foreign markets for the benefit of multinationals, the EU and the USA. You know that some issues and questions are of particula r concern to the professor and so you may wish to consider the following, as it is likely that the government will be prepped to respond: Whether the WTO Agreement will prevail over Newlands Constitution and whether WTO law will have, or should have, direct effect in Newlands courts The full impact of WTO membership What is the traditional notion of state sovereignty? Why is globalisation forcing us to rethink this concept? Answer: Introduction The process of economic globalization can be described as the defining feature of today's world and it is a process in which high level of international trade and foreign direct investment are involved. In the present assignment, a debate is going to be held between the Prime Minister of New Zealand and the chairman of Newland Coalition for a Better World that represents the labor unions of Newland and also the human rights organizations as well as the consumer and environmental organizations of the country. Some of the issues that are likely to be debated include the fact if the individual agreement will prevail over the constitution of Newland and similarly if the WTO law will have any direct impact on the courts of the land. Similarly the impact of taking WTO membership is also likely to be discussed as well as the notion of state sovereignty and the impact of globalization on this notion. For example, according to an estimate by the World Bank, by opening all the trade barriers across the world, the global income can increase by US $2.8 trillion and in this way, nearly 320 million people can be saved from poverty. However, for the purpose of realizing this opportunity, it is important that economic globalization is regulated and managed at the international level. If it is not done so, it is likely that the economic globalization may prove to be a curse instead of being a blessing to the humankind and in such a case, it may aggravate economic inequality, environmental degradation (Bacchetta and Jansen, 2003). At present the law of WTO can be considered as the most ambitious effort for regulating and managing international trade. Economic Globalization: The term economic globalization is frequently used by politicians, officials of the government, trade unionists, environmentalists, Third World activists, lawyers and economists. The term globalization and particularly 'economic globalization' has been used by different people to describe the defining feature of the world after the Cold War. However, it is important to know the exact meaning of the term, economic globalization. For example, the concept of globalization has been described as the "closer integration of these nations and people of the world which has been achieved by significant reduction of cost of transportation and communication as well as by the breaking down of the artificial barriers that were present in the flow of goods, services and capital and to some extent, the movement of people across borders (Stiglitz, 2002). In the same way, economic globalization can also be defined as the integration of markets, technologies and nation-states to an extent that were not seen before. It is a, it allows the individuals, corporations and the nations to reach around the world, faster, farther and cheaper as compared to before (Friedman, 2000). It also needs to be noted in this regard that it is a multifaceted phenomenon and still a lot needs to be done to understand economic globalization completely. However in essence, economic globalization can be described as a gradual integration of the economies of different countries into a borderless, global economy. The economic globalization includes free international trade and also unrestricted foreign direct investment. The impact of economic globalization can be seen on all the people of the world and it touches different aspects of the daily lives of the people. For example, economic globalization has an impact on the jobs of the people, their health, their ed ucation, food and also on their leisure time. Economic globalization also has an impact on the price; people have to pay for the daily commodities or health services. Although economic globalization is generally perceived as a new phenomenon, however it needs to be noted that the present-day global economic integration is not unprecedented. Much before the First World War, there was significant flow of goods and capital across the borders of different countries and similarly the flow of people during these times was even much more than now. This was the period when the loading of trade barriers supported globalization and also the significant reductions that took place in the cost of transport as a result of the technological innovations like the introduction of steamships and railways. At the same time, it also needs to be noted that there is a clear trend present diverse globalization however the extent of global economic integration in today's world can be exaggerated. It is believed that international trade should generally force the domestic, high-cost producers to decrease the prices of their products and similarly it should bring the price of products and services from different countries closer. However, there is still a significant difference present in the prices of products and services. For example, even in case of the European Union, there is a difference in prices between different countries of EU. Although, partly this difference can be attributed to the difference that is present in cost of passport, taxes and the efficiency of distribution networks, however subtle difference is also present, at least outside the European Union, as a result of the continuous presence of significant trade barriers. Moreover, while it is possible for goods and services and capital to move freely across borders but, still there are several restrictions placed on the free movement of workers. Regarding the regarding the relationship that exists between the WTO law and national law, there are two aspects that need to be examined. The first aspect is related with the place of national law in the WTO law and the second issue deals with the place of WTO law in the national judicial system. Regarding the place of the national of a country in WTO law, it has been provided by the WTO agreement in Article XVI:4 that it shall be ensured by each member state that its national laws are in conformity with the obligations of such a country as provided in the annexed Agreements. In this way, a general rule of international law that has also been mentioned in article 27 of the Vienna Convention according to which, the provisions of its internal laws cannot be invoked by a party in order to justify the failure of such a party to perform a treaty. For example it was stated by the Appellate Body that the domestic laws of a WTO member cannot be used for excusing such the member state from f ulfilling the international obligations of the member (Brazil Aircraft (Article 21.5 Canada). However, it needs to be noted in this regard that when it comes to the measures and actions taken by the regional and local governments and authorities, it has been provided by Article XXIV:12 of GATT that reasonable measures shall be taken by each Member in order to make sure that the regional and local authorities and governments within the territory of such a member observe the provisions of this Agreement. This means that it is the responsibility of the WTO members to enforce the compliance of obligations by regional and local governments that have been prescribed by GATT, 1994 only to the extent that the Members dispose of the necessary constitutional powers for doing so. In this regard it needs to be noted that where securing compliance with the obligations described by GATT is not possible, the provisions dealing with compensation and the suspension of concessions are applicable. On the other hand, while dealing with the issue as to how the national law should be handled by panels and the Appellate Body, it was stated by the Appellate Body that in case of public international law, the municipal law may be treated by an international tribunal in many ways. For example, the national law can be used as evidence of acts and that the same time; it may also provide evidence regarding State practice. It also needs to be noted that the municipal law may also constitute evidence regarding the compliance or noncompliance of international obligations (India Patents (US). The position adopted by the Appellate Body in this regard also found support from the ruling given by Permanent Court of International Justice in which it was stated by the Court that a question may be asked if a difficulty is not created by the fact that the court has to deal with Polish law. However it does not appear to be the case. From the point of view of international law and also the viewpoint of this Court, national laws are considered as merely facts that are capable of expressing the will and constitute the activities of States, in the same way in which the legal decisions and administrative measures do the same. Certainly the Court is not required to interpret the Polish law however, the Court is not prevented from giving a judgment regarding the question if, while applying the law, Poland is acting according to its obligations under the Geneva Convention (Certain German Interests in Polish Upper Silesia, 1926). In the same way, regarding the effect of WTO law on the national courts of Newland first of all, it needs to be noted that in case the provision of national law allows different interpretations, such a provision should be interpreted, whenever possible, in a way that avoids any conflict with the law of WTO. In case of many countries, this doctrine of treaty consistent interpretation has been adopted by the courts. For example, the European Court of Justice has also confirmed the doctrine of treaty-consistent interpretation of the national laws regarding the WTO agreements. However there may be a case when it may not be possible to avoid the conflict between a national law and the provisions of WTO law. In this regard, it needs to be noted that if the provisions of WTO law are provided direct effect and can be important for the purpose of challenging the legality of national measures, the enforceability as well as the effectiveness of these measures will be improved significantly as i t will allow the member states much less flexibility regarding compliance with these provisions. However, a fierce debate is going on if direct effect should be granted to the provisions of WTO law. Conclusion: The legal position in this regard can be summed up as follows. Although, it is the responsibility of each member to fully execute the commitments undertaken by it, however the Members are free to determine the legal means that are considered as appropriate by them for achieving that objective in their domestic legal system (Eeckhout, 1997). In view of the demonstrations on the streets of the capital of Newland, Nontes, by more than 50,000 people, the government of Newland has asked for a debate between the Prime Minister of Newland and the chairman of NCBW. Therefore, the above-mentioned issues can be raised by the Chairman during the debate References 1. Bacchetta and M. Jansen, Adjusting to Trade Liberalization: The Role of Policy, Institutions and WTO Disciplines, WTO Special Studies 7 April 2003, 62. Stiglitz, Globalization and Its Discontents (Penguin, 2002), 9.3. Friedman, The Lexus and the Olive Tree: Understanding Globalisation, 2nd edition (First Anchor Books, 2000), 94. Eeckhout, The Domestic Legal Status of the WTO Agreements: Interconnecting Legal Systems, Common Market Law Review, 1997, 53Case Law1. Appellate Body Report, Brazil Aircraft (Article 21.5 Canada), para 462. Appellate Body Report, India Patents (US), para. 663. Certain German Interests in Polish Upper Silesia [1926] PCIJ Rep., Series A, No. 7, 19

Short Story About Bullying free essay sample

Pablo etched her face with broad pencil strokes. Two fine lines hinted at eyebrows, lifted in a lipless smile. The large eyes were slightly downcast, lashes thick and soft. Prominent cheekbones hovered above a thin jaw line and soft chin. None of the features were completely filled in. Only one nostril was finished, the eyes were half shaded, and light waves of hair framed the sides of her face and neck. Tiny wrinkles at the edge of her mouth spoke of tears and laughter. Pablo’s pencil bobbed and flicked across the page. He worked quickly, touching down in random corners of the portrait. He thickened a bit of shadow under the left eye, added another lock of hair, and sharpened the edge of the woman’s lip. Pablo was so engrossed in the drawing that he was not aware of his teacher standing just behind him, looking over his shoulder. We will write a custom essay sample on Short Story About Bullying or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page â€Å"That’s beautiful. I’m glad to have you in my class, Pablo. You are very talented. † Ms. Sanadi smiled at him. â€Å"Who is it? † â€Å"It’s, um, no one really. † Pablo set his pencil down and glanced around at the other tables of students. He felt uncomfortable, as he always did, when teachers praised him. It was hard enough being the new student. It’s obvious you’ve had some practice. † Ms. Sanadi took a step closer and leaned down to admire the sketch. She was close enough for Pablo to smell faint perfume, like crushed petals. â€Å"She looks sad somehow, but very pretty. † â€Å"Thanks ma’am,† Pablo replied quietly. â€Å"Now nothing against this fine lady, Pablo, but I’m obliged to make one critical comment. † Ms Sanadi grinned, as if to belay her tone. â€Å"As I said at the start of class, we are working on contour drawing. This is lovely, especially around the eyes, but contour drawing is just lines – no shading. † â€Å"Sorry ma’am,† he said, â€Å"I’ll start over. He picked up the portrait, folded it once, and set it to the side. â€Å"Oh, don’t worry dear, there’s no rush. I won’t ask you to turn anything in until the end of the week. † She stepped away from the table as her sentence trailed off. When Pablo glanced up, Ms. Sanadi was already examining someone else’s work. He pulled a new piece of paper in front of him, picked up his pencil, and started sketching the classroom. He was seated near the back of the room, so he began outlining the tables of students directly in front of him, heads hunched in s ynchronous slouch. He gave this row the thickest, darkest lines. He was careful not to shade, although he much preferred to include the softer details. After faintly delineating the first row, Ms. Sanadi’s desk, and the chalkboard, Pablo returned his attention to the students directly in front of him. A petite girl with an overlarge sweater had her backpack on the table, separating her from the two rowdy boys who shared the space. The boy immediately to her right looked fragile. His head twitched from the tabletop to his companion; they snickered at a private joke. The other boy was large and bullish, with a meaty forehead and a cruel sound to his whisper. Pablo could not make out what they were saying, but he wasn’t trying to listen either. His concentration was on the creases in their clothes, their hunched posture, the chips and cracks in their seatbacks. â€Å"Okay everyone,† Ms. Sanadi spoke extra loud to cut into the murmur. â€Å"Sarah’s not feeling well, so I’m going to walk her down to see Jason. Keep working and keep your voices down, I won’t be gone long. † Pablo hadn’t noticed the sickly girl at the front of the class. She had nut-brown skin like Pablo, but there was a green hue to her cheeks. She wobbled beside Ms. Sanadi, eyes on the floor. A moment later the door closed, and the voices in the room burgeoned. Pablo ignored the chatter, kept his head down, and continued drawing. Several minutes passed and the teacher did not return. The volume continued to rise, and soon Pablo was the only student not talking to a neighbour. True, he was the only one seated at his particular table, but this was also his first day at Central Secondary, and Pablo had learned long ago that new students do well to keep their mouths shut until they get their bearings. He estimated that he would need two weeks’ reconnaissance before he could map out the cliques and cabals of his new environment. Not that Pablo expected to stay at this school long – he never did – but he was accustomed to the rigmarole of being the new kid. Just as Pablo started etching the folds in the girl’s backpack, the large boy at her table yelled at someone across the room. â€Å"Did you just say my name? † The boy got to his feet. â€Å"You better not be talking about me you little freak. † Pablo saw a small head at the front of the class shake back and forth, accompanied by a frightened squawk. The twitchy kid beside the bully chortled encouragement. The frightened boy at the front turned around quickly and sank down in his seat. â€Å"I’m talking to you, Chris. Don’t turn your back on me. † He stepped away from the table and into the aisle between rows. â€Å"What did you say? † â€Å"Nothing. † Chris’s voice squeaked again. He was still seated, but he had turned around once more, mooneyes pocked with fear. â€Å"He said the only reason you’re so big is because you failed sixth grade. Is that true Jenkins? † This came from a freckly, red-haired girl at the table behind Chris. She smiled as she perched on her chair, enjoying the prospect of conflict. Several people chuckled, perhaps at Chris’ expense, or at the insult to Jenkins. The thuggish boy ignored the laughter and took three strides to stand beside Chris. Even from behind, Pablo could see that Jenkins was furious. His shoulders were tense. His neck was reddening. His fists were balled. Pablo set his pencil down. He didn’t like fighting, but even more, he didn’t like bullies. He’d been bullied himself by countless louts, although he always did his best to meet them fist for fist. Pablo wasn’t a very tall boy, but he was fast. More than that, since his earliest memories, his father had trained him in self-defence. After his father died, it hurt too much to continue the training. For almost four years Pablo resisted his mother’s attempts to get him back into martial art classes. Your father would have wanted it,† she’d tell him over and over. Finally, when the loss began to subside, and his fathers memory became shadows and dusty photographs, Pablo consented. Chris stared up at Jenkins, and for a moment Pablo thought nothing would happen. They were in class, after all, and Ms. Sanadi said s he would be right back. But the pause was brief. Jenkins grabbed Chris by the shirt and pulled him to his feet. The smaller boy tried to yell for him to stop, but his voice failed and he produced little more than a yip. â€Å"Leave him alone jerkface,† a girl shouted from behind Pablo. The rest of the room fell quiet. Jenkins ignored the slur and slammed Chris up against the chalkboard. â€Å"What do you know about me flunking grade six? † Jenkins didnt give him time to respond. Chris doubled over as the mallet fist impacted his stomach. He tried to cry out, but the blow winded him and he slid to the ground. Jenkins reached down and grabbed Chris shirt again, forcing him to stand. The boy was crying between gasps for air. Pablo stood up. For a moment he could hear his mothers voice, telling him to sit back down, begging him not to get into trouble on his first day. He could feel several eyes in the room flick up at him questioningly. His shyness melted into a pool of anger. Pablo, with coffee cup eyes steaming out from behind espresso black hair, had a temper. â€Å"Leave him alone,† Pablo said. The twitchy boy at the table in front of him turned to stare incredulously, as if he had never seen anyone stand up to his brutish companion. The girl wedged beside her backpack stared too, with an expression that asked Pablo what he was trying to prove. But Pablo saw neither of them. He stood facing Jenkins, and in him he saw every bully he had ever despised. Who the hell are you? † Jenkins dropped Chris back into a heap of tears and started walking toward Pablo. His lips curled and eyes twinkled with the thrill of having a new target for his frustration. Pablo didnt respond. He watched the bullys movements as he loped down the aisle. Pablo was quietly measuring his reach, anticipating the first move. Jenkins drew his hand back, and instea d of a fist, swung at Pablo with open palm. Although he hadnt expected a slap to the face, Pablo stepped easily outside Jenkins range and the pudgy fingers trod only air. The bully grunted and took another step forward just as Pablo ducked slightly and struck him hard in the ribs. Jenkins groaned. He looked bewildered, and for a moment stood still, not sure what to do next. Pablo hit him again, this time in the solar plexus, winding him as badly as he had done to Chris. Jenkins staggered back, his confidence failing. Something in his head told Pablo to stop, that he had made his point, and that he should sit back down. If he quit now, perhaps everyone would just continue drawing, and he could slip back into his day-one obscurity. But he knew that all eyes were on him, and there was nothing he could do to take that back. And besides, he knew Jenkins would not let this end so easily. With a small hop Pablo pulled his left knee into the air, spun a half-turn, and kicked Jenkins square in the chest with his right. He kicked him harder than he intended, and the bully fell backward, colliding with the edge of a table and knocking over a chair with a loud clatter. If Pablo had been counting, he would have known that seven quick heart beats resounded between the second Jenkins hit the floor, and the moment Ms. Sanadi swung back into the classroom.